Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that is characterized by an insulin deficiency at some degree. As a result of the pathology, hyperglycemia may occur, ie an increase in blood glucose levels, leading to various metabolic disorders and complications.
Diabetes is third in the prevalence of cancer and cardiovascular disease. More than one hundred million people are currently known around the world. Every 15 years, the number of cases doubles.
There are no drugs that can completely eliminate manifestations of diabetes. If the disease is not treated for a long time, irreversible disorders occur in the vessels of various organs.
In order to notice the symptoms of pathology, you need to know what type of diabetes exist.
Types of diabetes
Medicine releases a variety of diabetes. The expression itself explores the full list of diseases with common features. The characteristics of diabetes and their type are at the abnormal level of blood glucose.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause glucose from the blood. Nevertheless, the result is always the same: with strong saturation of blood and sugar, cells cannot eat normally.
When the sugar does not fall into the cells, it pulls the water on its own. The fluid filling the bloodstream passes through the kidneys and dries. Despite what diabetes is, there are such symptoms:
- Dry the mouth.
- Thirst.
- Frequent and abundant urination.
Each type of disease is distinguished by its own characteristic effect on the human body. Diabetes that have its own differences, maybe:
- Nonchary and sugar.
- Hidden.
- Potential, expressed in the predisposition of the disease.
- Insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent.
- Laby.
- Kidney.
- It is postoperative, after the pancreas surgery.
- Pancreatic, expressed in the lesion of the pancreas.
- No pancrete, is not related to the damage to the pancreas.
The first type of diabetes
Insulin -dependent diabetes is called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas, the insulin -producing organ. People with type 1 diabetes, insulin, are either not at all or in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease appeared in juvenile. This is determined by symptoms such as frequent thirst, rapid urination, rapid weight loss, feeling of strong hunger and appearance of acetone in the urine.
Treatment of this diversity of the disease is to introduce the desired dose of the hormone from the outside. Other therapeutic activities are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes is most often due to genetic predisposition. Such a disease can provoke one or more negative factors and trigger abnormal changes in the immune system.
As a result, the cells of the pancreas are deformed and produce insulin. The lack of hormone leads to the fact that carbohydrates cannot be completely disposed of in the body and energy deficiency tries to replace fat processing.
Toxic substances begin to enter the brain. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly monitor the current state of the body and the glucose content in the blood.
The disease may occur because of the following:
- Infections.
- Voltage.
- Sitting lifestyle.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Heredity.
- Inal food.
Such diabetes accounts for up to 15% of the number of patients. Most often children and adolescents are ill. The disease is due to passive lifestyle and constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes can occur:
- Soda drinks.
- Smoked meats.
- Canned products.
- Fast food.
Sometimes diabetes and then obesity appear first. Type 1 disease has such symptoms:
- Weakness.
- Irritability.
- A feeling of fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Increased thirst.
- Call for urination.
Often patients are rapidly out of the body or vice versa. Diabetes may be:
- Primary: genetic, essential.
- Secondary: thyroid gland, pituitary gland, steroid.
The disease can be mild, moderate or severe. By nature, the course is divided into insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent type. Due to the high sugar content in the blood, buds and blood vessels are deformed.
Therefore, people with type 1 disease often lose their vision and become almost blind. There are two main manifestations: first, the kidney violation, then - the failure of this organ. Patients often note the pain and numbness of the limbs. This is due to violation of blood circulation and nerve damage.
There is a high risk of amputation of the legs when the legs of the legs are violated. Type 1 disease has high levels of cholesterol in the blood, so the cases of stroke or myocardial infarction are not uncommon.
In men with diabetes, impotence often develops because nerve and blood vessels do not exist in a healthy system. They appear because of the pathology:
- Obesity.
- Pancreatitis.
- Dermatopathy.
- Nephropathy.
- Encephalopathy.
One of the pathologies, which is a great danger, is the coma of hypoglycemic. This condition often leads to death.
Patients with diabetes should determine the levels of blood sugar every day with special tools created for home conditions. If necessary, the urine is prescribed for sugar content.
If glucose levels rise, insulin injections are required to treat type 1 disease. This hormone is involved in metabolism, allowing the body to process carbohydrates.
If type 1 diabetes do not have proper treatment, serious complications occur. In some cases, death is possible. Occasionally, a person needs hospitalization to determine the complexity of the situation.
Under state conditions, the patient is taught new sugar control skills.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of disease occurs with inadequate insulin products by the pancreas. The condition is also exacerbated by a decrease in organ cell activity. Generally, pathology is designed because of the hereditary gender of the hormone tissues.
Tissues exposed to insulin have insulin receptors. Due to the appearance of the pathology of these receptors, the immunity of tissues is against insulin. Hormone secretion does not decrease and is relative insulin deficiency.
In the case of obesity patients, the function of insulin receptors is primarily reduced. Overflow in the blood leads to excessive glucose formation, while non -counteractive tissues do not allow glucose to the cells.
Since sufficient amounts of insulin are needed for the sugar to arrive at the cells, excessive pancreas products, packed in the fatigue of beta cells, begin.
No. 2 of the type of diabetes is considered in medicine not as a hereditary pathology, but as a poor lifestyle disease. Even in the event of an existing severe inheritance, if:
- The use of sweet products and other "fast" carbohydrates is limited.
- There is no exaggeration.
- There is constant control over body weight.
- Physical exercises are constantly performed.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes are not specific. In most cases, the person does not notice their manifestations, as there is no significant deterioration in the well. But knowing the symptoms, you cannot miss the moment of appearance and consult a doctor in a timely manner, determining the concentration of glucose in the blood. Therefore, a successful compensation for diabetes will be created, and the risk of complications will significantly reduce.
The main manifestation of this pathology:
- Dry the mouth.
- The increase in urine, which causes one to wake up at night.
- Strong thirst.
- Itching of the mucous membranes.
- Strong appetite for the failure of leptin synthesis.
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
- Slow recovery of wounds.
- Furunculosis.
- Impotence.
- Fungal infections.
The disease may be first due to stroke or heart attack when entering the hospital. Such diseases show that diabetes is at a serious stage.
The usual symptoms are only manifested by an increase in sugar above the kidney threshold - 10 mmol /l. It appears in the urine as glucose increases. If the value does not reach 10 mmol/l blood, one does not feel in the body.
It should be noted that random installation of type 2 diabetes is a very common phenomenon.
2 types are used for diabetes therapy: The following tools are used:
- Biguanides.
- Thiosolidindo.
- Cost of sulfanillarochevina.
- Clay.
Pregnancy diabetes
The pregnancy form of the disease may occur in a pregnant woman. The pathology is designed due to inappropriate production of insulin, which is needed to control blood glucose levels.
During pregnancy, the woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which ensures the needs of the fetus. This process is particularly relevant in the second half of the child.
If there is no insulin, glucose levels are constantly increasing in the blood, providing an opportunity to develop gestation type diabetes. This disease usually occurs on its own, immediately after birth.
It is a characteristic attribute that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes that are chronic.
Latent diabetes
There are many unclear moments associated with diabetes. The most common type of disease is the first and second types. It is worth noting that there is an intermediate type of this dangerous disease called Lada diabetes.
Such a disease occurs in adulthood. This type of disease is dangerous as it can be hidden for a long time as type 2 diabetes. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a serious autoimmune disease. The immune system begins to attack its own body, constantly destroying betuline in the pancreas. However, such patients can do for a long time without insulin injections, unlike those who prefer type 1 diabetes.
With the latent form of diabetes, immune processes continue to slowly. In the pancreas, the working beta cells remain. Patients are treated with drugs that are intended for diabetes for type 2 diabetes. Over time, antibodies destroy more and more beta cells, leading to a severe reduction in insulin and the inevitable application of insulin therapy.
Hidden diabetes
The hidden diabetes mellitus has a different name: latent or sleeping. This pathology is an early stage of diabetes.
With the preliminary stage of diabetes, sugar and blood indicators never exceed the norm. At the initial stage of the disease, a violation of glucose tolerance is recorded. In addition, one person is considered very slow in the blood after the sugar load, but a reduction in glucose concentration.
Such people are quite likely to have diabetes in 10-15 years. This disease does not require specific complex therapy, but constant medical observation is important. The hidden type of diabetes may occur over the years.
Sometimes it is enough for development to survive a severe nervous system disorder or viral infection.
No -adalar diabetes
Nonadalar diabetes is a pathology that is absolutely or relative to vasopressin, the hormone that has an antidiuretic effect. People suffer from sudden urination and thirst. Sleep is significantly interrupted and one is usually unable to restore strength.
About 6-15 liters of loose, light urine are released daily. I miss appetite and weight loss. Man is constantly tired and irritated, and the lack of dry skin and sweating can be observed.
Compensated diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that consists of damaged carbohydrate metabolism. The purpose of all medical measures is to normalize it. It is quite difficult to achieve the continuous effect. Due to longer therapy, carbohydrate metabolism levels may fluctuate and have different values.
Many forms allow compensation for a dangerous disease. We talk:
- Decompensated.
- Alternate.
- Compensated form.
The decompensated form is the fact that carbohydrate metabolism has almost no improvement. Glucose concentrations are high in the blood, acetone and sugar in the urine.
Sub -compensated diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar levels are no different from the norm, no acetone in the urine. With the compensated form of the disease, a person has a normal glucose, while there is no sugar in the urine.
Laboratory diabetes
The nature of the course can be distinguished to the unstable and stable. The type of unstable type of disease in the blood is characterized by a significant fluctuation of glucose.
Hypoglycemia appears in such people, most often with dinner. Late at night and early morning there is a strong thirst and hyperglymp. The hidden course of the disease is often accompanied by the formation of ketoacidosis, which often leads to diabetic coma.
Hypoglycemia hyperglycemia is a rapid replacement for youth and childish diabetes. The stability of the disease thread is typical of the average stage. The disease is severe when severe.